Foreign Law: D, E, F

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Denmark
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
England
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Finland
Fiji Islands
France

Democratic Republic of the Congo

See Zaire

Denmark

Constitution

• Constitution (Universität Bern Institut für Öffentliches Recht).

Laws and Legislation

• Retsinformation:  the Danish national online legal information system.  Full-text versions of  laws and regulations in force with link to drafts passed since 1985.  Laws are organized chronologically and there is a search-engine for laws and regulations.  Also included is the Lovtidende, the official gazette for Denmark from 1996 to the present.
• Folktinget (Danish Parliament):  There is pending legislation, parliamentary debates, committee documents and government replies to parliamentary questions available by selecting "Lovbutik".

Laws by Subject

• Please also visit the sites listed under Subject Specific Foreign Law Metapages.
• Consumer Protection (National Consumer Agency): In English.  More legal material is available in Danish under "Jura".
• Education (Ministry of Education).
• Environment and Energy (Ministry of Environment and Energy): There are also some "Rules and Regulations" translated into English.
• Health (Ministry of Health).
• Intellectual Property (IPR Helpdesk).
• Labor (National Labor Market Authority).
• Taxation (Ministry of Taxation).
• Telecommunications (National Telecom Agency).

Government

• Parliament / Folketing (official website)
• Justitsministeriet (Ministry of Justice):  Database with committee reports, draft legislation not yet presented to Parliament.  Also links to courts.
• Prime Minister (official website).
• Supreme Court or Supreme Court.
• Official Government website (State Information): Provides links to various government websites.

Legal Directories

• Juralink (Juralink.com): Legal website with news, articles and jobs, among other things, in Danish.

Other

• Please also visit the sites listed under Foreign Law Metapages.
• Legal Bibliography / Jurdisk Bibliografi (Royal Library): Covers the period from 1988-1998 in Danish.
• Periodicals Database / Vaelg Base (State Library): A bibliographic index to economic, political science and other periodicals in Danish.

Ecuador

Constitution

• Constitution (Georgetown University).
• Constitution (Revista Judicial).

Laws and Legislation

• GLIN (Library of Congress): indexes selected portions of the Registro oficial de la Republica del Ecuador the official gazette of Ecuador from 1976.  No full-text available. Can also use World Law Index which runs to 1997 (Harvard only).
• Biblioteca de Textos Legales (Corporacion de Estudios de Estade): An assortment of laws in various areas of law including many important laws. 
• Laws and Codes (Revista Judicial).
• Laws and Codes (Unidad de Modernización Judicial de la Comisión Andina de Juristas): Full-text of laws and codes in Spanish.
• Summaries of the Registro Oficial (Superley).
• Important Laws of the Year 2000 (Superley).
• Complete Text of Agreements and Resolutions (Derechos.org).

Laws by Subject

• Please also visit the sites listed under Subject Specific Foreign Law Metapages.
• Banking (Central Bank)
• Commercial (Ministerio de Comercio Exterior, Industrializacion y Pesca).
• Domestic Violence ( UNDP).
• Elections  (Georgetown University).
• Electricity (Consejo Nacional de Electricidad).
• Labor  (Natlex of the ILO).
• Tax (Servicio de Rentas Internas): In Spanish.
• Telecommunications (Superintendencia de Telecommunicaciones).

Government

• Corte Suprema de Justicia / Supreme Court (National Council of Justice)

Legal Directories

• Revista Judicial (La Hora).

Other

• Please also visit the sites listed under Foreign Law Metapages.
• Ecuador - A Country Study (Library of Congress).

Egypt

Constitution

• Constitution (People's Assembly): In English, but also available in Arabic and French.

Law and Legislation

• Treaties (Ministry of Foreign Affairs): Selected bilateral, regional and multilateral treaties.

Laws by Subject

• Please also visit the sites listed under Subject Specific Foreign Law Metapages.
• Economic Legislation (in Arabic with some English) (Ministry of Foreign Trade).
• Environment (in Arabic and English) (Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs).
• Ministry of Foreign Trade (in Arabic and English).
• Sales Tax (Sales Tax Division of the Ministry of Finance): Includes the Sales Tax Law and Executive Regulations.

Government

• Government Online (official website): Includes ministry contacts, links to government websites.
• President (official website): Includes news, speeches and other informational material in English.
• Shoura Assembly (official website): Informational.
• People's Assembly (official website): Informational.
• U.S. and Egyptian Contacts (Dept. of State Country Commercial Guide): Appendix X at page 109.

Other

• Please also visit the sites listed under Foreign Law Metapages.
• Egypt - A Country Study (Library of Congress).
• Egypt State Information Service (official website): information about Egypt and the government, but no official documents.  Provides information about the Parliament.

El Salvador

Constitution

• Constitution (Georgetown University): In Spanish.
• Constitution (Asamblea Legislativa): In Spanish, with versions from multiple years.

Laws and Legislation

• Las Leyes de la Republica (Asamblea Legislativa): From 1962 through 1998, provides selected laws.
• GLIN (Library of Congress): indexes selected portions of the Diario Oficial official gazette of El Salvador from 1976.  No full-text available. Can also use World Law Index which runs to 1997 (Harvard only).

Laws by Subject

• Please also visit the sites listed under Subject Specific Foreign Law Metapages.
• Economic (Ministry of Economics): English and Spanish.
• Election (Supreme Electoral Tribunal).
• Emergency (Queen's University in Belfast).
• Environment (Ministry of the Environment and National .Resources): Under "Reglamentos" and "Ley".
• Finance (Superintendent of the Financial System): Under "Leyes, Normas y Manuales."
• Taxation (Ministry of Finance).
• Telecommunications (Superintendent General of Electricity and Telecommunications): Select "Telecommunicaciones".

Government

• Asamblea Legislativa / Legislative Assembly (official website).
• Tribunal Supremo Electoral / Supreme Electoral Tribunal (official website): includes laws and information.

Other

• Please also visit the sites listed under Foreign Law Metapages.
• El Salvador - A Country Study (Library of Congress).

England

Harvard Law School Library Guide to Researching UK: British Statutes

Eritrea

Constitution

• Constitution (made available by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Armenia)
• Constitution (Eritrean Community in Minnesota).
• Constitution (Universität Bern Institut für Öffentliches Recht): In English.

Laws by Subject

• Please also visit the sites listed under Subject Specific Foreign Law Metapages.

Government

• Chinese Embassy in Eritrea.
• Country Links (contact info) (Investor's Information Gateway).
• Government of Eritrea (contact info) (MBendi).
• Hagerawi Baito (National Assembly contact info) (Inter-Parliamentary Union).
• Ministry of Tourism.
• National Bank (contact info) (MBendi).

Other

• Country Case Study - Eritrea (Participatory Elections Project).
• Please also visit the sites listed under Foreign Law Metapages.
• Eritrea Human Rights Links (Derechos.net).

Estonia

Constitution

• Constitution and Basic Laws (Universität Bern Institut für Öffentliches Recht): In English.
• Constitution and selected Agreements (Ministry of Foreign Affairs): In English.

Laws and Legislation

• Riigi Teataja (official website): the official gazette of Estonia.  In Estonian, it is browseable and searchable, and is arranged chronologically and by subject.
• Legislative Process Database (Parliament): In Estonian, various legislative documents available via searchable databases.
• Estonian Legal Translation Center (official website): A state agency, this site provides translations of Estonian legislation into English.
• Õigusaktide Andmebaas (Balti Õpingute Instituut): In Estonian, full-text from 1988 to present.  Laws are organized by subject.  You must register to use the website.
• EstLex (Ministry of Justice): Legal acts on a searchable database in Estonian.

Laws by Subject

• Please also visit the sites listed under Subject Specific Foreign Law Metapages.
• Banking (Central Bank).
• Customs (Estonian Customs).
• Securities (Central Depository for Securities).

Jurisprudence

•  Decisions of the Supreme Court (Riigikohus): Database, in Estonian, appears to cover 1993 to the present.  Also includes decisions the constitutional review chamber of the Court in English.

Government

• Riigikogu - Paliament (official website): Includes rules and acts relative to the Parliament in English.  Also includes legal documents, all in Estonian.
• Riigikohus - Supreme Court (official website): Includes decisions (see above), information about the court, docket information and other information mostly in Estonian, but with some in English.
• Office of the President (official website): includes press releases, speeches and information.
• Estonian State Web Center (State Chancellory): Links to all state institutions and agencies, political parties and newspapers, among other links.  Also provides information about Estonia.  All in English.

Legal Directories

• Law on the Web (Estonian Law Center): In Estonian.

Other

• Please also visit the sites listed under Foreign Law Metapages.

Ethiopia

Constitution

• Constitution (Universität Bern Institut für Öffentliches Recht): In English.
• Constitution ( Developed by Mekelle University Law Faculty ( Ethiopia) in cooperation with the Non-Western Law Department (Gent University, Belgium).

Laws by Subject

• Please also visit the sites listed under Subject Specific Foreign Law Metapages.
• Financial Regulations (summary provided by the Ethiopian Export Promotion Agency).
• Investment Law (Ethiopian Embassy in China).
• National Archives and Library Proclamation.
• Civil Code ( Developed by Mekelle University Law Faculty ( Ethiopia) in cooperation with the Non-Western Law Department (Gent University, Belgium).
• Criminal Code .( Developed by Mekelle University Law Faculty ( Ethiopia) in cooperation with the Non-Western Law Department (Gent University, Belgium).
• Civil Procedure Code ( ( Developed by Mekelle University Law Faculty ( Ethiopia) in cooperation with the Non-Western Law Department (Gent University, Belgium).
• Criminal Procedure Code ( Developed by Mekelle University Law Faculty ( Ethiopia) in cooperation with the Non-Western Law Department (Gent University, Belgium).
• Federal Family Code ( Developed by Mekelle University Law Faculty ( Ethiopia) in cooperation with the Non-Western Law Department (Gent University, Belgium).
• The Judiciary (a summary by the Ethiopian Embassy in Washington).

Government

• Ethiopian Embassy in Washington. (Links to Ethiopian agencies and news sources).
• Export Promotion Agency.
• Govermental Contacts (comprehensive table including telephone numbers) (Export Promotion Agency).
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
• Ministry of Revenue.
• Parliament of Ethiopia.
• Privatization Agency.
• Telecommunications Agency.
• Tourism Commission.

Other

• Please also visit the sites listed under Foreign Law Metapages.

Finland

Constitution

• Constitution (Ministry of Justice).
• Constitution and Basic Laws (University of Wuerzburg): In English.

Law and Legislation

• FinLex (Ministry of Justice): Available in Finnish and Swedish, the website includes Suomen Saadoskokoelma, Finland's official gazette, going back to 1997.  Recent legislation is available going back to 1987.  A portion of the database includes some translations into English and other languages which can be browsed or searched by number.  It also includes regulations of state agencies.
• Suomen eduskunta - Finnish Parliament (official website): Includes government bills in Finnish searchable by keyword, bill number or title.

Law by Subject

• Please also visit the sites listed under Subject Specific Foreign Law Metapages.
• Communications (Ministry of Transportation and Communications): Legislation in English.
• Competition (Finnish Competition Authority): Legislation and some case summaries In English.
• Data Protection (Data Ombudsman's Office): Legislation in Finnish.
• Immigration (Directorate of Immigration): Legislation in English.
• Patents (National Board of Patents and Registration): Legislation under subject in English.

Jurisprudence

• Decisions of the Supreme and Supreme Administrative Courts (Finlex): Full-text of decisions in Finnish going back several decades.

Government

• Suomen eduskunta - Finnish Parliament (official website): Includes reports of the parliamentary committees since 1991, government proposals since 1992 and protocols of parliamentary sessions.
• President (official website): Includes press releases and speeches in English.
• Valtioneuvoston - Council of State (official website): Information and news in English.
• Valtioneuvoston kanslia - Prime Minister (official website).
• Korkein hallinto-oikeus - Supreme Administrative Court (official website).
• Korkein oikeus - Supreme Court (official website).
• Finnish Court System (from Prof. Modeen): Description of the court system.

Legal Directories

• Finnish Legal Sources in English (University of Lapland Faculty of Law).
• Finnish Bar Association (official website): Includes links and, and rules of the legal profession in English.

Other

• Please also visit the sites listed under Foreign Law Metapages.
• Bibliographia Iuridica Fennica (Parliament Library): A database of 
  Finnish Legal Literature with articles, monographs and official publications.  Includes a useful index of English-Finnish legal terms.
• Research Report Summaries (National Research Institute of Legal Policy).

Fiji Islands

Constitution

• Constitution (PACLII).

Laws and Legislation

• Fiji Islands Law Contains links to case law and legislation. (PACLII)
• Fiji Law Reform Commission

Government

• Fiji Islands Government Online Portal (official site).

Other

• Fiji Islands The Asian Development Bank provides a number of fact sheets, country reports, project summaries including legal initiatives and more. (Asian Development Bank).

France