Foreign Law: O, P, Q, R

Pakistan
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Pitcairn Islands
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation

Pakistan

Constitution

• Constitution (Pakistanlawyer.com).
• Constitution of 1973 (Ministry of Finance).
• Provisional Constitutional Orders (Government website).

Laws and Legislation

• Laws (Pakistanlawyer.com): Contains laws on various subjects in full-text, as well.
• Pakistan Law Infobase (Advanced Legal Studies Institute): Currently under construction, but will contain laws in English.
• Punjab Laws Includes all the laws of Punjab from 1860 to date.

Laws by Subject

• Banking Laws (State Bank of Pakistan): In English.
• Companies Ordinance 1984 (Securities and Exchange Commission): In English.
• Finance Includes banking, taxation, companies, insurance laws and more. (Ministry of Finance): In English.
• Investment Related laws. (Ministry of Finance): In English.
• Securities (Securities and Exchange Commission): In English.
• Tariffs (National Tariff Commission): Legislation and Rules in English.
• Telecommunications (from the Telecommunication Authority): In English with Regulations.
• Trade (Trade Office of the Ministry of Commerce): In English.
• Trade (Ministry of Finance): In English.
• Trademarks (IndiaIP.com): In English. Use the side bar for navigation.

Jurisprudence

• Lahore High Court (official website): In English.
• Supreme Court of Pakistan (official website): In English.
  

Government

• Islamic Republic of Pakistan (official website): Information and news.
• Ministry of Finance (official website): In English.
• Securities and Exchange Commission (official website): In English.
• State Bank of Pakistan (official website): In English.

Other

• Pakistan The Asian Development Bank provides a number of fact sheets, country reports, project summaries including legal initiatives and more. (Asian Development Bank).

Panama

Constitution

• Constitution with Reforms (Georgetown University Political Database of the Americas).

Legislation

• Legislation (National Assembly): Contains approved legislation for the years 1999 to present in Spanish.
• GLIN (U.S. Law Library of Congress) - 1,581 searchable English-language abstracts of laws, decrees and regulations issued from February 1967 to the present. 
• Legal Foundations (Panama Canal Authority): In English.
• Codes and Laws (Legalinfo-Panama.com): Assorted codes and laws in Spanish with some translations.  Also includes an index to the 2001 Official Gazette.
  

Laws by Subject

• Central Bank (from NYU): In English.
• Domestic Violence (from UNDP).
• Labor (from ILO): In Spanish.

Government

• Presidencia / President (official website): Information and news in Spanish.
• Asambla Nacional / National Assembly (official website): Includes recent legislation, latest Official Gazette, a  list of bills, record of proceedings for  2000 and  2001, as well as information.  All in Spanish.
• Corte Suprema de Justicia / Supreme Court (official website): Information in Spanish.

Subscription

• Natlex (National Law Center for Inter-American Trade): Can purchase texts in Spanish with some translations available.
• Electronic Information for Tax Professionals (International Tax Planning Association): Can order translations.

Papua New Guinea

Constitution

• Constitution (PACLII).

Laws and Legislation

• Papua New Guinea Laws Contains links to case law and legislation. (PACLII).

Other

• Papua New Guinea The Asian Development Bank provides a number of fact sheets, country reports, project summaries including legal initiatives and more. (Asian Development Bank).

Paraguay

Constitution

• Constitution (Camara de Senadores): In Spanish.
• Constitutions (Georgetown University Database for Politics of the Americas): In Spanish.

Laws and Legislation

• Gaceta Oficial / Official Gazette  (Imprenta Nacional):  Full-text of Official Gazette for the years 1994 to the present, includes an  index. There is also a  list of decrees with citations to the GO in which they are found. In Spanish.
• Laws (Imprenta Nacional): A listing of laws from 1982 to the present with full-text links where available.  In Spanish.
• Compilation of Laws (Camara de Senadores): Full-text of laws from 1998 to present arranged by year.  In Spanish.
• GLIN: (Global Legal Information Network - Law Library of
  Congress): 794 searchable English-language abstracts of laws, decrees and regulations issued from April 1976 to the present. 

Laws by Subject

• Communications and Public Works (Ministry of Public Works and Communication): In Spanish.
• Elections (Tribunal Superior de Justicia Electoral): In Spanish.
• Reform (National Secretary for State Reform): In Spanish, also includes  decrees.
• Tax (Ministry of Taxation): In Spanish.

Codes

• Codigos Existentes en la Republica de Paraguay (Imprenta Nacional): Full-text of current codes in Spanish.
• Penal Code and  Code of Penal Procedure (Public Ministry): In Spanish.

Government

• Government (official website): Links to government websites.
• Camara de Senados / House of Senators (official website): Includes constitution, recent laws, the legal framework of the Senate, and information.
• Camara de Diputados / House of Representatives (official website):
• Poder Judicial / Judicial Authority (official website): Informational website.

Peru

Constitution

• Constitutions (Parliament): Includes current and historical constitutions, and some  constitutional laws as well as some resolutions of the constitutional tribunal in Spanish.
• Legislacion Constitucional (Constitutional Tribunal)
• Constitution (Georgetown University Political Database of the Americas): In Spanish.

Laws and Legislation

• Archivo Digital de la Legislacion en el Peru (Parliament): Includes constitution, treaties, laws from 1904 to present in full-text.  They have recently added  laws from 1820 to 1904 [not currently functioning].  This site has many other useful features and databases such a description of the  making of a law.
• Laws (Teleley): Organized by subject, includes full-text laws in Spanish. Also allows browsing by date.
• National Laws (Assen): Organized by number.
• Laws and Codes (Unidad de Modernización Judicial de la Comisión Andina de Juristas): Various full-text laws and codes organized by subject in Spanish.
• Bills / Projectos de Ley (Parliament): Allows searching by various means for the current governmental period.  Give legislative history.

Laws by Subject

• Banks (Ministry of Banks and Insurance): In Spanish and English.
• Education (Ministry of Education): In Spanish.
• Energy and Mining (Ministry of Energy and Mines): In Spanish.
• Environment (National Council for the Environment): In Spanish.
• Health (Ministry of Health): In Spanish.
• Foreign Relations (Ministry of Foreign Relations): In Spanish.
•  

Codes

• Codes (Parliament): Includes major codes in Spanish [not currently functioning].

Jurisprudence

• Sentencias del Tribunal Constitucional (Constitutional Tribunal):[not currently functioning]
• Decisions of the Fiscal Court (Tribunal Fiscal): [not currently functioning]

Government

• Goverment (official website): Portal for government websites, news and information.
• President (official websites)
• Congress of the Republic of Peru (official website) Includes Congressional documents, such as the Constitution, Rules of Procedure, Agendas, Acts, etc. Includes Parlamento Virtual Peruano designed for Peruvian citizans.  Also includes a page of links to Peru's branches of government, Peruvian Embassies, ministries, regional governments, etc. Available in Spanish and English. It can be a bit slow to load but very comprehensive.
• Poder Judicial (official website): Information about the judicial system in Spanish.
• Tribunal Constitucional / Constitutional Court (official website): Information, laws and jurisprudence.
• Ministry of Justice (official website): Includes Guia Judicial 2001, news and information.

Subscription Databases

• El Peruano / Official Gazette (Editora Peru): Selecting "Normas Legales" provides access to online legal search system with some free features.

Philippines

Constitution

• Constitutions (Chan Robles Virtual Law Library): Current constitution and historical constitutions in English

Law and Legislation

• Bills (House of Representatives): In English.
• Laws (Chan Robles Virtual Law Library): Full-text of selected laws and codes in English.
• Republic Acts From the 8th to the 13th Congress. (House of Representatives): In English.
• Republic Acts (Office of the President Network): In English.

Law by Subject Area

• Environment (Chan Robles Virtual Law Library): In English.
• Wildlife Act (Department of Environment and Natural Resources): In English.
• Foreign Investment (Chan Robles Virtual Law Library): In English.
• Health (Department of Health): In English.
• Immigration (Bureau of Immigration): In English.
• Social Security (Social Security System): In English.
• Telecommunications (National Telecommunications Commission): In English.

Codes

• Civil Code (Chan Robles Virtual Law Library): In English.
• Internal Revenue Code (Bureau of Internal Revenue): In English.
• Intellectual Property Code Also IP Rules and Regulations (Intellectual Property Office): In English.
• Trade and Industry Rules and Directives (Department of Trade and Industry): In English.
• Local Government Code (Ministry of Local Government): In English.
• Penal Code (Chan Robles Virtual Law Library): In English.

Jurisprudence

• Decisions of the Supreme Court (Supreme Court): Includes full-text of decisions from 1996 to present in English.
• Decisions of the Supreme Court (Virtual Law Library): Includes full-text of selected decisions from 1901 to present in English.  Have also included Supreme Court Circulars.

Government

• Bureau of Immigration (official website): In English.
• Department of Finance (official website): In English.
• Department of Justice (official website): In English.
• Office of the President (official website): The Malacanang Records Office has a list of directives and issuances and of republic acts. Also available are news and speeches.
• Congress (official website): News, information and publications including "Legislative Process".  Includes Official Journal for the 12th and 13th Congress.
• Philippine Government Links (official website): In English.
• Securities and Exchange Commission (official website): In English.
• Senate (official website): In English. Includes Official Journal for the 13th Congress.

Other

• Chan Robles Virtual Law Library (Chan Robles): A law firm site with full text codes, statutes and Supreme Court Decisions.  This site also provides legal updates in various areas of the law, as well as information about law firms in the Philippines.
• Philippines The Asian Development Bank provides a number of fact sheets, country reports, project summaries including legal initiatives and more. (Asian Development Bank).

Pitcairn Islands

Laws and Legislation

• Pitcairn Islands Contains links to case law and legislation (PACLII).

Poland

Constitution

• Constitution (Parliament): In English, also available in Polish.
• Constitution (Universität Bern Institut für Öffentliches Recht): Includes historical constitutions as well as the current constitution.

Law and Legislation

• Internetowy System Informacji Prawnej / Internet Legal Information System (Parliament): This database indexes Dzienniku Ustaw (1918-2001) and Monitorze Polskim (1945-2001) the official gazettes of Poland.  The laws from 1999 to present are available in full-text.  The database can be browsed by date or subject.  It can also be searched by citation or title.
• Bills (from the Parliament): Organized by origin of bill.
• Sejm / House of Parliament (official website): One of the House of the Polish Parliament.  This website provides government information in either Polish or English.  The legislative process is described in English.  There is a wealth of information in Polish including laws, bills, and debates.
• Senate (official website).

Portugal

Constitution

• Constitution (from the Parliament): In English, French and Portuguese.  Also includes documents relating to  constitutional reform.
• Constitution (Universität Bern Institut für Öffentliches Recht): In English and Portuguese.

Law and Legislation

• Diário da República (official website): Last 45 days of Series I is available free, as is a database of dates of distribution since 1974.  Other access is by subscription only.
• Jornal Oficial: Diário da Assembleia da República (Parliament): Includes decrees, resolutions, bills and other legislative documents from the last two sessions.
• Legislation (Verbo Juridico): Full-text of legislation by date or by subject in Portuguese.
• Legislação Portuguesa (Avocati Locus): Full-text copies of the Constitution, codes and various laws in Portuguese.
• Legislation (Documentation and Comparative Law Office). Full-text of laws in a variety of subject matters. In english.

Laws by Subject

• Lei Penal Portuguesa (Universidade Católica Portugues): Penal and criminal procedure code along with other related information.

Codes

• Codes (Verbo Juridico): Major codes in Portuguese.
• Codes (Attorney Manuel Doria Vilar): Links to Portuguese codes at various websites.

Jurisprudence

• Tribunal da Relacao de Lisboa (official website): Includes decisions of the various sections in Portuguese.
• Tribunal da Relacao do Porto  (official website): Includes the Boletim de Jurisprudência which includes decisions from Nov. 2000.  It also includes legislation establishing the Tribunal, statistics and other information about the Tribunal.
• Decisions of the Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Francisco Bruto da Costa, Juiz Desembargador): Decisions from the various sections and tribunals.
• Jurisprudence (Verbo Juridico): Some Constitutional Court cases, and the overviews of jurisprudence of other courts.

Government

• Assembleia da República: Includes the organic laws, debates since 1935 either in full-text or an index and information.
• Presidência (official website): Has an English interface with information, and a Portuguese interface with a virtual library of government information.
• Supremo Tribunal de Justiça (Francisco Bruto da Costa, Juiz Desembargador): Includes information about Tribunal, jurisprudence and legislation.

Other

• Treaties (Documentation and Comparative Law Office).

Qatar

Constitution

• Constitution (Ministry of Foreign Affairs).
• Constitution (Universität Bern Institut für Öffentliches Recht): In English.

Laws by Subject

• Copyright (Abu-Ghazaleh Intellectual Property).
• Trademarks (Abu-Ghazaleh Intellectual Property).

 

Romania

Constitution

• Constitution (Parliament): In Romanian.
• Constitution (Universität Bern Institut für Öffentliches Recht): In English.

Law and Legislation

• Superlex (Ministry of Justice): Includes the full-text of  laws in Romanian as they appear in the Monitorul Oficial.  There are also subject indexes.
• Baze de Date Legislativa - Legislative Database (Parliament): Includes citations to the Monitorul Oficial for all laws from 1990 forward, with isolated laws before 1990 also included.  Also includes a bill-tracking database back to 1996 which links to legislative documents.
• Monitorul Oficial (Parlamentul Romaniei - Camera Deputatilor): Summaries are available for free, but the full-text is only available with a subscription.

Laws by Subject

• Banking (National Bank official website): In Romanian.
• Consumer Protection (National Consumer Protection Authority official website): in Romanian.
• Fiscal Code (Minister of Finance official website): In Romanian and English.
• Intellectual Property (State Office for Intellectual Property official website): in Romanian and English.

Jurisprudence

• Archive of Jurisprudence Username and password required. (Ministry of Justice): Summaries and citations to cases arranged by subject area.

Government

• President (official website): in Romanian.
• Camera Deputatilor  - Chamber of Deputies (official website): In Romanian.
• Constitutional Court (official website): Information, legal framework and press releases in English, French and Romanian.
• Guvernul României (government official website): In Romanian.
• Senate (official website): In Romanian.

Guides

• Guide to Romanian Legal Resources (LLRX).

Russian Federation

Constitution

• Constitution (Constitutional Court): In English.  Also available in French and German.
• Constitution (International Foundation for Electoral Systems): In English.
• Constitution (Universität Bern Institut für Öffentliches Recht): In English.
• Constitution (University of Lima): In Spanish.
• Historical Constitutions (Bucknell University): Various historical constitutions and information on russian laws.
• Federative Treaty : In Russian.
• Charter of the Commonwealth States (theRussiaSite): In English.

Laws and Legislation

• Legislation (State Duma): Full-text by number and subject in Russian.
• Rossiiskaya Gazeta - Official Gazette (official website) 
• Legislation (Klever.net): Full-text in Russian, mostly from 2000.
• Economic Laws of the Russian Federation (Garant - see below): This Lexis database contains fulltext current laws, decrees, resolutions, instructions and regulations on economic activity in the Russian Federation in English.  The database includes documents from 1990 - current with superceded documents placed in the archive.
• Database of Laws  

Codes

• Civil Code (1994) (Friends and Partners): In Russian.
• Civil Code of (1996) : In Russian.
• Penal Code (1996) (D-sign [a producer of polygraph machines]): In Russian.

Laws by Subject

• Banking (World Bank): In English.
• Banking (Central Bank): In English.
• Corporate (Corporate Governance in Russia): English translations of laws having to do with investment and corporations.
• Elections (Democracy.ru): In English.
• Elections (International Foundation for Electoral Systems): In English.
• Intelligence-related Laws ( Federation of American Scientists): In English.
• Labor (Natlex): In English.
• Media (Moscow State University): In English.

Jurisprudence

• Decisions of the Constitutional Court (Constitutional Court): Selected full-text in English.  More extensive coverage in English is available in the form of summaries.  Decisions back to 1995 are available in Russian. Selected decisions also available in French and German.
• Decisions of the Constitutional Court (theRussiaSite.org): Citations to decisions in English with a few links to full-text decisions in English.
• Bulletin of the Supreme Court (Supreme Court): Includes full-text decisions from 1995 to the present in Russian.

Government

• Government (official website): Links to other government webpages.  In Russian.
• President (official website).
• Security Council (official website).
• Federation Council (official website): The website for the upper house of the parliament includes information about legislative activity.
• State Duma (official website): The website of the lower house of parliament includes a legislative database, information on the status of legislation and news.  Duma news service provides legislative news.
• Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation (official website): Includes laws, decisions and information.
• Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (official website): Includes legal framework, bulletin and information.
• Legal Information (from the Ministry of Justice).

Subscription Databases

• Systema.ru: This database which provides current legal documents is in Russian.
• ConsultantPlus:  This database which provides current legal documents is in Russian.
• Kodeks:  This has a Russian and an English interface, with part of the database in English, but most in Russian.
• Laws.ru.
• Intralex.
• Garant:  This database entitled "Legislation of Russia in English" is available as a subscription with an English interface.  Available on Lexis - see above.

Guides

• A Guide to Russian Legal Research (LLRX).
• Material on Russian Federation Law in English: Selection of Sources (LLRX).

Other

• Russian Law News (LeBoeuf, Lamb, Greene & MacRae): Information about legal developments.